1 00:00:28,320 --> 00:00:31,650 commander Brian O'Connor leaving a crew 2 00:00:31,650 --> 00:00:31,660 commander Brian O'Connor leaving a crew 3 00:00:31,660 --> 00:00:35,790 commander Brian O'Connor leaving a crew out launch day for sts 40 the first 4 00:00:35,790 --> 00:00:35,800 out launch day for sts 40 the first 5 00:00:35,800 --> 00:00:38,280 out launch day for sts 40 the first mission dedicated to studying the human 6 00:00:38,280 --> 00:00:38,290 mission dedicated to studying the human 7 00:00:38,290 --> 00:00:42,119 mission dedicated to studying the human body and microgravity in Colombia's 8 00:00:42,119 --> 00:00:42,129 body and microgravity in Colombia's 9 00:00:42,129 --> 00:00:45,299 body and microgravity in Colombia's cargo bay a reusable research facility 10 00:00:45,299 --> 00:00:45,309 cargo bay a reusable research facility 11 00:00:45,309 --> 00:00:50,170 cargo bay a reusable research facility called space lab 12 00:00:50,170 --> 00:00:50,180 13 00:00:50,180 --> 00:00:52,930 a tunnel led crew members from 14 00:00:52,930 --> 00:00:52,940 a tunnel led crew members from 15 00:00:52,940 --> 00:00:56,110 a tunnel led crew members from Columbia's main cabin into the lab here 16 00:00:56,110 --> 00:00:56,120 Columbia's main cabin into the lab here 17 00:00:56,120 --> 00:00:58,440 Columbia's main cabin into the lab here they conducted a series of life sciences 18 00:00:58,440 --> 00:00:58,450 they conducted a series of life sciences 19 00:00:58,450 --> 00:01:00,550 they conducted a series of life sciences experiments designed by a team of 20 00:01:00,550 --> 00:01:00,560 experiments designed by a team of 21 00:01:00,560 --> 00:01:03,880 experiments designed by a team of international investigators studying an 22 00:01:03,880 --> 00:01:03,890 international investigators studying an 23 00:01:03,890 --> 00:01:06,400 international investigators studying an unprecedented detail on the body adapts 24 00:01:06,400 --> 00:01:06,410 unprecedented detail on the body adapts 25 00:01:06,410 --> 00:01:09,640 unprecedented detail on the body adapts to weightlessness how it reacts upon 26 00:01:09,640 --> 00:01:09,650 to weightlessness how it reacts upon 27 00:01:09,650 --> 00:01:12,219 to weightlessness how it reacts upon return and the mechanisms regulating 28 00:01:12,219 --> 00:01:12,229 return and the mechanisms regulating 29 00:01:12,229 --> 00:01:16,120 return and the mechanisms regulating these changes crew members took turns 30 00:01:16,120 --> 00:01:16,130 these changes crew members took turns 31 00:01:16,130 --> 00:01:18,609 these changes crew members took turns wearing a neck chamber to measure the 32 00:01:18,609 --> 00:01:18,619 wearing a neck chamber to measure the 33 00:01:18,619 --> 00:01:20,800 wearing a neck chamber to measure the response of receptors that help govern 34 00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:20,810 response of receptors that help govern 35 00:01:20,810 --> 00:01:23,920 response of receptors that help govern blood pressure the work seems to confirm 36 00:01:23,920 --> 00:01:23,930 blood pressure the work seems to confirm 37 00:01:23,930 --> 00:01:25,930 blood pressure the work seems to confirm that this blood pressure regulating 38 00:01:25,930 --> 00:01:25,940 that this blood pressure regulating 39 00:01:25,940 --> 00:01:28,690 that this blood pressure regulating system is impaired in space which might 40 00:01:28,690 --> 00:01:28,700 system is impaired in space which might 41 00:01:28,700 --> 00:01:29,969 system is impaired in space which might help explain the lightheadedness 42 00:01:29,969 --> 00:01:29,979 help explain the lightheadedness 43 00:01:29,979 --> 00:01:32,620 help explain the lightheadedness astronauts experience when they stand up 44 00:01:32,620 --> 00:01:32,630 astronauts experience when they stand up 45 00:01:32,630 --> 00:01:36,430 astronauts experience when they stand up after landing data was also gathered on 46 00:01:36,430 --> 00:01:36,440 after landing data was also gathered on 47 00:01:36,440 --> 00:01:39,130 after landing data was also gathered on variations in blood flow and flexibility 48 00:01:39,130 --> 00:01:39,140 variations in blood flow and flexibility 49 00:01:39,140 --> 00:01:41,980 variations in blood flow and flexibility of vessels in the leg this is thought to 50 00:01:41,980 --> 00:01:41,990 of vessels in the leg this is thought to 51 00:01:41,990 --> 00:01:44,109 of vessels in the leg this is thought to contribute to the body's inability to 52 00:01:44,109 --> 00:01:44,119 contribute to the body's inability to 53 00:01:44,119 --> 00:01:45,430 contribute to the body's inability to maintain normal blood pressure 54 00:01:45,430 --> 00:01:45,440 maintain normal blood pressure 55 00:01:45,440 --> 00:01:49,900 maintain normal blood pressure immediately upon return to Earth samples 56 00:01:49,900 --> 00:01:49,910 immediately upon return to Earth samples 57 00:01:49,910 --> 00:01:51,400 immediately upon return to Earth samples collected over the course of the 58 00:01:51,400 --> 00:01:51,410 collected over the course of the 59 00:01:51,410 --> 00:01:53,620 collected over the course of the nine-day flight are being analyzed to 60 00:01:53,620 --> 00:01:53,630 nine-day flight are being analyzed to 61 00:01:53,630 --> 00:01:55,420 nine-day flight are being analyzed to determine whether changes in hormone 62 00:01:55,420 --> 00:01:55,430 determine whether changes in hormone 63 00:01:55,430 --> 00:01:57,399 determine whether changes in hormone levels may be part of the reason bone 64 00:01:57,399 --> 00:01:57,409 levels may be part of the reason bone 65 00:01:57,409 --> 00:02:02,310 levels may be part of the reason bone and muscle deteriorate in space 66 00:02:02,310 --> 00:02:02,320 67 00:02:02,320 --> 00:02:04,740 time spent peddling a stationary bike 68 00:02:04,740 --> 00:02:04,750 time spent peddling a stationary bike 69 00:02:04,750 --> 00:02:07,170 time spent peddling a stationary bike served a dual purpose providing 70 00:02:07,170 --> 00:02:07,180 served a dual purpose providing 71 00:02:07,180 --> 00:02:09,389 served a dual purpose providing information on exercise capacity in 72 00:02:09,389 --> 00:02:09,399 information on exercise capacity in 73 00:02:09,399 --> 00:02:12,000 information on exercise capacity in microgravity as well as heart and lung 74 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:12,010 microgravity as well as heart and lung 75 00:02:12,010 --> 00:02:14,910 microgravity as well as heart and lung functions the distribution of blood and 76 00:02:14,910 --> 00:02:14,920 functions the distribution of blood and 77 00:02:14,920 --> 00:02:17,010 functions the distribution of blood and the lungs did not appear to change has 78 00:02:17,010 --> 00:02:17,020 the lungs did not appear to change has 79 00:02:17,020 --> 00:02:19,650 the lungs did not appear to change has predicted a surprise scientists are 80 00:02:19,650 --> 00:02:19,660 predicted a surprise scientists are 81 00:02:19,660 --> 00:02:24,030 predicted a surprise scientists are currently evaluating a number of other 82 00:02:24,030 --> 00:02:24,040 currently evaluating a number of other 83 00:02:24,040 --> 00:02:26,610 currently evaluating a number of other studies tested the theory that visual 84 00:02:26,610 --> 00:02:26,620 studies tested the theory that visual 85 00:02:26,620 --> 00:02:29,280 studies tested the theory that visual perception in conjunction with changes 86 00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:29,290 perception in conjunction with changes 87 00:02:29,290 --> 00:02:31,860 perception in conjunction with changes in the inner ear contribute to motion 88 00:02:31,860 --> 00:02:31,870 in the inner ear contribute to motion 89 00:02:31,870 --> 00:02:33,840 in the inner ear contribute to motion sickness symptoms most people experience 90 00:02:33,840 --> 00:02:33,850 sickness symptoms most people experience 91 00:02:33,850 --> 00:02:37,620 sickness symptoms most people experience when traveling in space but measuring 92 00:02:37,620 --> 00:02:37,630 when traveling in space but measuring 93 00:02:37,630 --> 00:02:39,660 when traveling in space but measuring changes and even determining their 94 00:02:39,660 --> 00:02:39,670 changes and even determining their 95 00:02:39,670 --> 00:02:42,900 changes and even determining their causes is just the beginning according 96 00:02:42,900 --> 00:02:42,910 causes is just the beginning according 97 00:02:42,910 --> 00:02:45,000 causes is just the beginning according to mission specialist dr. Rhea Seddon 98 00:02:45,000 --> 00:02:45,010 to mission specialist dr. Rhea Seddon 99 00:02:45,010 --> 00:02:47,400 to mission specialist dr. Rhea Seddon what we really have to do is decide 100 00:02:47,400 --> 00:02:47,410 what we really have to do is decide 101 00:02:47,410 --> 00:02:49,500 what we really have to do is decide whether or not we have to reverse some 102 00:02:49,500 --> 00:02:49,510 whether or not we have to reverse some 103 00:02:49,510 --> 00:02:51,030 whether or not we have to reverse some of these changes whether we have to 104 00:02:51,030 --> 00:02:51,040 of these changes whether we have to 105 00:02:51,040 --> 00:02:53,550 of these changes whether we have to develop countermeasures for instance for 106 00:02:53,550 --> 00:02:53,560 develop countermeasures for instance for 107 00:02:53,560 --> 00:02:55,530 develop countermeasures for instance for the loss of calcium that we see from the 108 00:02:55,530 --> 00:02:55,540 the loss of calcium that we see from the 109 00:02:55,540 --> 00:02:58,380 the loss of calcium that we see from the bones the loss of fluid from the body of 110 00:02:58,380 --> 00:02:58,390 bones the loss of fluid from the body of 111 00:02:58,390 --> 00:03:00,060 bones the loss of fluid from the body of course this mission was for only nine 112 00:03:00,060 --> 00:03:00,070 course this mission was for only nine 113 00:03:00,070 --> 00:03:03,509 course this mission was for only nine days and you can never say that what 114 00:03:03,509 --> 00:03:03,519 days and you can never say that what 115 00:03:03,519 --> 00:03:05,430 days and you can never say that what happens in nine days is all that will 116 00:03:05,430 --> 00:03:05,440 happens in nine days is all that will 117 00:03:05,440 --> 00:03:08,430 happens in nine days is all that will happen in three years and going to Mars 118 00:03:08,430 --> 00:03:08,440 happen in three years and going to Mars 119 00:03:08,440 --> 00:03:11,070 happen in three years and going to Mars there's no way that you can evaluate the 120 00:03:11,070 --> 00:03:11,080 there's no way that you can evaluate the 121 00:03:11,080 --> 00:03:13,320 there's no way that you can evaluate the countermeasures that you develop they 122 00:03:13,320 --> 00:03:13,330 countermeasures that you develop they 123 00:03:13,330 --> 00:03:15,630 countermeasures that you develop they require a space station and that's why 124 00:03:15,630 --> 00:03:15,640 require a space station and that's why 125 00:03:15,640 --> 00:03:17,400 require a space station and that's why we think space station is so important 126 00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:17,410 we think space station is so important 127 00:03:17,410 --> 00:03:21,180 we think space station is so important for life sciences research wherever 128 00:03:21,180 --> 00:03:21,190 for life sciences research wherever 129 00:03:21,190 --> 00:03:23,400 for life sciences research wherever possible the research aboard Spacelab 130 00:03:23,400 --> 00:03:23,410 possible the research aboard Spacelab 131 00:03:23,410 --> 00:03:25,740 possible the research aboard Spacelab was done with an eye towards earthly 132 00:03:25,740 --> 00:03:25,750 was done with an eye towards earthly 133 00:03:25,750 --> 00:03:28,440 was done with an eye towards earthly applications there are a lot of people 134 00:03:28,440 --> 00:03:28,450 applications there are a lot of people 135 00:03:28,450 --> 00:03:29,640 applications there are a lot of people who don't regulate their blood pressure 136 00:03:29,640 --> 00:03:29,650 who don't regulate their blood pressure 137 00:03:29,650 --> 00:03:31,170 who don't regulate their blood pressure properly and they have high blood 138 00:03:31,170 --> 00:03:31,180 properly and they have high blood 139 00:03:31,180 --> 00:03:33,120 properly and they have high blood pressure what can we learn about the 140 00:03:33,120 --> 00:03:33,130 pressure what can we learn about the 141 00:03:33,130 --> 00:03:34,199 pressure what can we learn about the changes that take place in 142 00:03:34,199 --> 00:03:34,209 changes that take place in 143 00:03:34,209 --> 00:03:36,600 changes that take place in weightlessness about regulation that we 144 00:03:36,600 --> 00:03:36,610 weightlessness about regulation that we 145 00:03:36,610 --> 00:03:38,699 weightlessness about regulation that we can put to use here on the ground people 146 00:03:38,699 --> 00:03:38,709 can put to use here on the ground people 147 00:03:38,709 --> 00:03:40,199 can put to use here on the ground people as they get older or as they're 148 00:03:40,199 --> 00:03:40,209 as they get older or as they're 149 00:03:40,209 --> 00:03:43,140 as they get older or as they're bedridden tend to lose calcium from the 150 00:03:43,140 --> 00:03:43,150 bedridden tend to lose calcium from the 151 00:03:43,150 --> 00:03:45,810 bedridden tend to lose calcium from the bones what regulates that and how is it 152 00:03:45,810 --> 00:03:45,820 bones what regulates that and how is it 153 00:03:45,820 --> 00:03:47,430 bones what regulates that and how is it the same and how is it different from 154 00:03:47,430 --> 00:03:47,440 the same and how is it different from 155 00:03:47,440 --> 00:03:49,470 the same and how is it different from weightlessness and if we can counteract 156 00:03:49,470 --> 00:03:49,480 weightlessness and if we can counteract 157 00:03:49,480 --> 00:03:52,080 weightlessness and if we can counteract it for astronauts going to Mars perhaps 158 00:03:52,080 --> 00:03:52,090 it for astronauts going to Mars perhaps 159 00:03:52,090 --> 00:03:54,509 it for astronauts going to Mars perhaps we can counteract it in in women as they 160 00:03:54,509 --> 00:03:54,519 we can counteract it in in women as they 161 00:03:54,519 --> 00:03:56,850 we can counteract it in in women as they get older and developing osteoporosis so 162 00:03:56,850 --> 00:03:56,860 get older and developing osteoporosis so 163 00:03:56,860 --> 00:03:58,390 get older and developing osteoporosis so their variety of things the 164 00:03:58,390 --> 00:03:58,400 their variety of things the 165 00:03:58,400 --> 00:04:00,280 their variety of things the we hope to gain from the mission such as 166 00:04:00,280 --> 00:04:00,290 we hope to gain from the mission such as 167 00:04:00,290 --> 00:04:05,050 we hope to gain from the mission such as this space lab life sciences one the 168 00:04:05,050 --> 00:04:05,060 this space lab life sciences one the 169 00:04:05,060 --> 00:04:06,970 this space lab life sciences one the most comprehensive study of human 170 00:04:06,970 --> 00:04:06,980 most comprehensive study of human 171 00:04:06,980 --> 00:04:10,149 most comprehensive study of human adaptation ever undertaken enhancing our 172 00:04:10,149 --> 00:04:10,159 adaptation ever undertaken enhancing our 173 00:04:10,159 --> 00:04:13,000 adaptation ever undertaken enhancing our future both in space and here on earth 174 00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:13,010 future both in space and here on earth 175 00:04:13,010 --> 00:04:16,629 future both in space and here on earth still Roger that Columbia welcome back 176 00:04:16,629 --> 00:04:16,639 still Roger that Columbia welcome back 177 00:04:16,639 --> 00:04:34,050 still Roger that Columbia welcome back and congratulations on a super flight 178 00:04:34,050 --> 00:04:34,060 179 00:04:34,060 --> 00:04:36,120 you